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LLDB 调试 C++ 程序

本文将介绍如何使用 LLDB 调试器调试一个简单的 C++ 程序。我们的示例代码命名为 test.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct MyStruct {
    int myInt;
    std::string myString;
};

int main() {
    MyStruct myStruct;
    myStruct.myInt = 42;
    myStruct.myString = "Hello, world!";

    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
        sum += i;
    }

    return 0;
}

编译

首先,我们需要使用 -g 标志编译代码以启用额外的调试信息。

clang++ -g test.cpp -o test

开始调试

接着,我们附加调试器。

lldb test

断点

我们将断点设置在 main() 函数。

(lldb) b main

输出:

Breakpoint 1: where = test`main + 19 at test.cpp:10:14, address = 0x0000000100003be3

运行

然后,我们启动进程。

(lldb) run

输出:

Process 11333 launched: '/Users/light/test' (x86_64)
Process 11333 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x0000000100003be3 test`main at test.cpp:10:14
   7    };
   8    
   9    int main() {
-> 10       MyStruct myStruct;
   11       myStruct.myInt = 42;
   12       myStruct.myString = "Hello, world!";
   13  

查看断点

现在,我们已经停在了 main() 函数的开头。我们可以设置在特定行上的断点。

(lldb) b 16

输出:Breakpoint 2: where = test`main + 76 at test.cpp:16:16, address = 0x0000000100003c1c

要列出当前设置的断点,请使用以下命令。

(lldb) breakpoint list

输出:

(lldb) breakpoint list
Current breakpoints:
1: name = 'main', locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 1
  1.1: where = test`main + 19 at test.cpp:10:14, address = 0x0000000100003be3, resolved, hit count = 1 

2: file = '/Users/zhangxing/test.cpp', line = 16, exact_match = 0, locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 0
  2.1: where = test`main + 76 at test.cpp:16:16, address = 0x0000000100003c1c, resolved, hit count = 0 

程序继续运行

我们可以继续执行程序直到下一个断点。

(lldb) c

输出:

Process 11823 resuming
Process 11823 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 2.1
    frame #0: 0x0000000100003c1c test`main at test.cpp:16:16
   13   
   14       int sum = 0;
   15       for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
-> 16           sum += i;
   17       }
   18   
   19       return 0;

打印变量

要获取当前局部变量的值,可以使用以下命令:

(lldb) p myStruct

输出:

(MyStruct) $0 = (myInt = 42, myString = "Hello, world!")

观察点

要监视特定变量的值更改,我们可以使用监视点。

(lldb) watch set variable sum

输出:

Watchpoint created: Watchpoint 1: addr = 0x7ffeefbff1e8 size = 4 state = enabled type = w
    declare @ '/Users/zhangxing/test.cpp:14'
    watchpoint spec = 'sum'
    new value: 0

当next后,会看到Watchpoint的变化。

(lldb) n

Watchpoint 1 hit:
old value: 3
new value: 6
Process 11823 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = watchpoint 1
    frame #0: 0x0000000100003c25 test`main at test.cpp:15:29
   12       myStruct.myString = "Hello, world!";
   13   
   14       int sum = 0;
-> 15       for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
   16           sum += i;
   17       }
   18   

如果想要根据条件停止执行,可以设置停止条件。

(lldb) watch modify -c '(sum > 5)'

输出:

Watchpoint 1 hit:
new value: 6
Process 12848 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = watchpoint 1
    frame #0: 0x0000000100003c25 test`main at test.cpp:15:29
   12       myStruct.myString = "Hello, world!";
   13   
   14       int sum = 0;
-> 15       for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
   16           sum += i;
   17       }
   18   

完成调试后,可以继续执行程序。

(lldb) c

如需了解更多信息,请参阅 LLDB 文档:


通过这些步骤,您可以轻松地使用 LLDB 调试您的 C++ 程序,查找错误并解决问题。

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